"Fahamka wanaagsan ee caafimaadka carrada ayaa horseedi doonta habab loo soo saaro baradho badan"
"Waa mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu waa weyn ee aan hadda ku qabno warshadaha baradhada," ayuu yiri Chris Voigt, oo ah agaasimaha fulinta ee guddiga baradhada gobolka Washington. Ma la socon karno dalabka. Macaamiisheennu waxay ku jireen raashin lixdii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Waxaan kordhinay xadiga dhulka waraabka ah ee wabiga Columbia. ”
Mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ku jira baradhada sii kordheysa waa waqtiga ay ku qaadato in cayayaanka baradhada iyo cudurada looga soo saaro dhulka. Fumigation la'aan, baradhada waxaa lagu kori karaa oo keliya isla dhul gogol ah 12-kii sanaba mar. Haddii fumigants la codsado, tiradaasi waxay hoos u dhacaysaa afartii sanaba mar. Xitaa iyada oo fumigants, gobolka weli ma soo saaro baradho ku filan.
Si loo caawiyo kordhinta wax-soo-saarka, saynisyahannada oo ay taageerayaan deeqo kala duwan iyo maalgelin ka timaadda USDA, Sharci-dejinta Gobolka Washington, Guddiga baradhada ee Gobolka Washington iyo processor-ka baradhada ayaa baaraya sida ay u horumarin karaan caafimaadka carrada ee baradhada.
"Fahamka wanaagsan ee caafimaadka carrada ayaa horseedi doonta habab loo soo saari karo baradho badan," ayuu yiri Richard Koenig, oo ah madaxa waaxda dalagyada iyo sayniska ciidda ee gobolka Washington. “Tani waxay ku imaan kartaa iyadoo la kordhinayo wax soosaarka, iyadoo la gaabinaayo waqtiga wareega ka hor inta aysan beeraleyda dib ugu laaban barandhada, ama labadaba. Mid ka mid ah furayaasha halkan ayaa ah fahamka sida ku dhaqanka maamulka carrada ay u yareyn karaan cudurada, taas oo ah culeyska ugu weyn ee xaddidaya dalagyo badan oo saameeya xilliyada wareegga. ”
Mashruuc ayaa loo xilsaaray xagaaga 2018 si loo baaro dhammaan suugaanta la heli karo ee la xiriirta daraasadaha horey loogu sameeyay caafimaadka ciidda baradhada.
"Waxaan raadineynay cilmi-baaris jirta," ayay tiri Karen Hills, oo ah ku-xigeenka cilmi-baarista Xarunta Joogtaynta Beeraha iyo Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah ee Jaamacadda Gobolka Washington. “Waxa aan isku dayeynay inaan ku sameyno dukumintigan ayaa ahaa inaan dejino xoogaa ahmiyado leh marka loo eego baahida cilmi baarista mustaqbalka. Waxaan eegnay waxa la qabtay iyo waxa loo baahan yahay in la qabto. Si daacadnimo ah, weli wax badan ayaa laga qaban. ”
Sannadkii hore, USDA waxay maalgelisay mashruuc afar sano socday oo lagu baarayay caafimaadka ciidda baradhada.
"Barnaamijkeyga cilmi baarista wuxuu ku lug leeyahay dhowr mashruuc oo baaraya sida dhaqamada maaraynta dalagyada ay saameyn ugu yeelan karaan caafimaadka baradhada," ayuu yiri Ken Frost, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga dhirta. Xarunta Cilmi-baarista iyo Kordhinta Beeraha ee Hermiston, qayb ka mid ah Jaamacadda Gobolka Oregon. "Mashruucii ugu weynaa ee cilmi baaris ee aan hadda ku hayo aaggan waxaa maalgalinaya USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative."
2019 wuxuu ahaa sanadkii ugu horeeyey ee dalagyada loo beero mashruucan.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa in baradhada ay tahay soohdin cusub," ayuu yiri Frost. “Waa nidaam aad u qas badan. Nidaamyada kale ee dalagga ayaa raba inay yareeyaan falashada. Taasi waa wax aanan ku sameyn karin nidaamyada abuurka baradhada. Waa inaan uga fikirno si ka duwan sida looga fikiro nidaamyada kale. ”
Frost waa mid ka mid ah ilaa 20 cilmi baare oo ka shaqeeya mashruucan. Cilmi baarayaashu waxay eegayaan sida goosashada dalagtu ay saameyn ugu leedahay oo ay saameyn ugu yeelan karto microbium-ka carrada. Dhaxan wuu socdaa wareeg laba sano ah oo leh baradho iyo sarreen iyo seddex sano oo wareeg ah oo leh baradho, galley iyo sarreen.
"Mid kasta oo ka mid ah wareegyadaas waxay leeyihiin isku-dar ah iniin khardal le'eg oo ah bio fumigant lagu daray iyo isticmaalka digada caanaha lagu bacrimiyey," Frost ayaa yiri. Waxaan ahay khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga dhirta tababar ahaan, inbadan oo shaqadayda kamid ah waxay diirada saareysaa sida dhaqamada kaladuwan ee maaraynta ay saameyn ugu yeeshaan jirooyinka baradhada, cudurka xiga ee cuduradaas cudurada keena ay keenaan, iyo sidoo kale dhalida iyo tayada qasaaraha ka dhasha cuduradaas
Markaan iskudayeyno inaanu baarno nidaamka dalagyada baradhada qaab aad uqurux badan, waxaan qiimeynay jawaabaha bulshada microbial ciidda oo dhan (yacni dhamaan bakteeriyada iyo fangaska jira) dhaqamada maaraynta dalaga si loo barto hadii ay jiraan microbes gaar ah ama kooxo microbes kuwaas oo si gaar ah faa'iido u leh ama waxyeelo u leh caafimaadka dhirta baradhada. Waxaan u maleyneynaa in baaritaanka qaabdhismeedka bulshada microbial ciidda ee ka jawaab celinta xeeladaha kala duwan ee maaraynta dalagga, oo ay ku jiraan dalabka sunta cayayaanka, ay ugu dambeyntii ka caawin karto beeraleyda inay u maareeyaan bulshooyinka microbial ciidooda siyaabo kor u qaadi doona caafimaadka dalagga iyo wax soo saarka, iyo yareynta saameynta cudurka.
"Wax badan ayaa ka socda sanduuqaas madow wixii aan ka fikiri jirnay," ayuu yiri Hill. Meelaha qaar waxay soo saaraan wax soo saar ka wanaagsan kuwa kale. Laguma sharixi karo imtixaannada ciidda ee caadiga ah. Waxaa jira wax kale oo socda. Ma tilmaami karno tuhmanayaasha caadiga ah ee arrintaas. Waxa jira waxyaabo badan oo socda oo ku saabsan nolosha jeermiga yar ee carrada. ”