Nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar waxay u muuqdaan inay ku dhacaan dhinaca, laakiin muhiimadooda waa inaan la iska indhatirin. Qorshe nafaqo oo dhameystiran ayaa muhiim ah. Si aan wax badan uga ogaano waxa ay tani uga dhigan tahay beeraleyda, waxaan la hadalnay Jimmy Ridgway, Maareeyaha Dalagyada Baradho ee Yara North America.
Marka la barbardhigo nitrogen iyo potassium, baradhadu uma baahna wax badan oo zinc, naxaas ah, manganese ah, boron ama magnesium, laakiin taasi micnaheedu maahan inaysan kaalin muhiim ah ka qaadin koritaanka baradhada.
Waa maxay sababta nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar?
Nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar sida zinc, copper iyo manganese ayaa muhiim u ah nidaamka difaaca jirka dhirta. Tan macnaheedu waa in ku haysashada zinc, copper iyo manganese heerarka ugu wanaagsan ee geedka ay gacan ka geysan karto kahortagga iyo maaraynta cudurka.
Iyada oo qayb ka ah qorshe dhammaystiran oo leh kiniiniga la mariyo oo la daweeyo marka cadaadisku sareeyo, heerarka saxda ah ee nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar ayaa is beddel weyn samayn kara, aad ugu eg caafimaadka aadanaha ee saxda ah. "Waxaa laga yaabaa inaan u baahanahay dawo markaan jirran nahay, laakiin fursad yar ayaan ugu jirnaa inaan jirrono markaan qaadanno fiitamiinadeenna oo aan cunno wanaagsan qaadanno," ayay tiri Ridgway. Mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ay nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar ugu shaqeeyaan dulqaadka iyo iska caabinta cudurada ayaa ah in heerka nafaqooyinka looga baahan yahay geedka baradhada ay dhab ahaan badanaa sun ku yihiin jeermiska.
Manganese waa tusaale si fiican loo diiwaangeliyey oo ku saabsan shaqadan gaarka ah. Heerka manganese ee dhirta baradho u baahan tahay qiyaastii 100 jeer maxay Streptomyces isnadaamis (noolaha sababa qolofta guud) baahiyaha. Marka marka carrada lagu bacrimiyo heerka saxda ah ee manganese, sunta ayaa ku xoog badan microbe waxayna yareyn kartaa dhacdooyinka qolofta.
Kalsiyum, boron iyo naxaas waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii loo xoojin lahaa darbiyada unugyada, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad ugu adag microbes inay dhex galaan oo sidaas darteed dhaawac u geysta ama burburiya unugyada. Kalsiyum-ka ku jira gidaarka unuga wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida xabagta oo kale oo isku dhajisa, sidaa darteed bakteeriyada fursada leh ama fungus si fudud uguma duuli karto, ”ayuu yiri Ridgway. Kuwa kale ee heerka labaad iyo nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar waxay leeyihiin doorar gaar ah sidoo kale. Magnesium iyo boron, tusaale ahaan, waxay fududeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa kaarbohaydraytka caleemaha ilaa digriiga; haddii heerarkoodu sax ahayn, weynaanta bulukeetiga waa la gaabin karaa ama waa la wada joojin karaa. Boron sidoo kale wuxuu muhiim u yahay kala qaybinta unugyada iyo sidoo kale kobcinta xoogga unugyada.
Maxay yihiin dhaqanka ugu fiican ee lagu tijaabiyo heerarka nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar?
Ridgway waxay kugula talineysaa kuwa beeraleyda ah inay usbuuc kasta kaqaataan shaybaarka petiole-ka wixii ku saabsan bilaabida tuber-ka illaa iyo mudada dambe "Kuwa soo saara horumarka ayaa sidoo kale qaadaya shaybaarro ciid ah inta lagu jiro xilliga xilli lagu daray shaybaarrada ka hor-xilli-ciyaareedka," ayuu yiri. Dhibaatada haysata kaliya qaadista shaybaarka ciidda in kastoo, ay tahay in nafaqooyinka ku jira ciidda laga yaabo inaan la heli karin sababo la xiriira pH, kiimiko isku xirka, ama iska soo horjeedka midba midka kale. Kaalshiyamka, tusaale ahaan, kaas oo u baahan inuu ahaado qaab lagu milmi karo dhirta baradhada si ay u qaadato, waxaa badanaa loo xiraa sida gypsum-ka ama kaalshiyamka kaarboonatka oo aad u milmi kara. "Run ahaantii ma jirto wado lagu bad-baadsho kaalshiyamka milma, tusaale ahaan," ayuu yidhi Ridgway, "waligayna ma maqal dhibaato sunta kaalshiyamka ah."
Waa maxay qawaaniinta suulka ay Ridgway ku talineyso?
1. Quudinta dalaggu waa maaratoon-xilli-dheer ah. Baahida la qabo ayaa isbeddelay iyadoo lagu saleynayo heerka koritaanka, sidaa darteed nafaqada waxay u baahan tahay in lala socdo oo bacriminta waxay u baahan tahay in la waafajiyo sidii loogu baahnaa laga bilaabo abuurka ilaa qaangaarka tuber.
2. Tijaabadu waxbay tartaa. Ogaanshaha carrada aagga maxalliga ah waxay waddo dheer u mareysaa helitaanka natiijooyinka ugu wanaagsan - oo ma khasaarin codsiyada. U adeegso shaybaarka unugyada si aad u aqoonsato isbeddellada ku dhaca xaaladda nafaqada ee dhirta, oo aan loo isticmaalin oo keliya aaladda hubinta ee looga shakisan yahay yaraanta. Barnaamijyada nafaqada dalagga ee ka shaqeeya hal gobol lagama yaabo inay noqdaan xulashooyinka ugu fiican ee gobol kale.
3. Fahmaan sameynta wax soo saarka. “Beeraleydu waxay inta badan aaminsan yihiin in haddii ay isticmaalayaan sunta sunta ee ay ku jiraan zinc iyo manganese in waxyaabahaasi ay keenayaan nafaqeynta zinc iyo manganese; si kastaba ha noqotee, sameynta sunta loo yaqaan "fungicides" waxaa loogu talagalay inay ku ilaaliso zinc iyo manganese dusha caleenka si loola dagaallamo cudurka. Bacriminta Foliar, si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa loogu talagalay inay geedka gasho oo ay hagaajiso xaaladdeeda nafaqada, ”ayuu yiri Ridgway.
4. Lasoco gorfaynta. Si firfircoon u tijaabi petioles si aad u daawato isbeddellada heerarka nafaqada. Waa suurtagal in la helo nafaqo-darro iyadoo aan lahayn astaamo muuqda. Tani waxay macnaheedu noqon kartaa luminta wax soo saarka khadka.
Ugu dambeyntiina, beeraleydu waa inay la jaanqaadaan qorshayaashooda iyagoo ku saleynaya suuqa digriiga uu soo galayo; shuruudaha nafaqada ayaa isbedelaya iyadoo lagu saleynayo haddii baradho loo isticmaalo suuqa cusub, ee wax lagu qabanayo ama abuur ahaan. "Haddii rawshuhu xilliga la galo qorshe adag oo ku saleysan waxyaalahan, qofka beeraha - iyo dhirta - wuxuu dareemayaa walaac yar.
Yara waxaa ka go'an inay ka caawiso beeraleyda inay soo saaraan baradhada ugu sareysa marka la eego soo saarista iyo tayada, iyagoo saameyn ku leh faa'iidadooda. Aqoonta dalagga, aqoonta codsiyada - oo ay ku jiraan aaladaha tikniyoolajiyadda iyo adeegyadu - iyo faylalka tacliinta ugu ballaaran ee nafaqada ee suuqa ayaa ah udub-dhexaadka Xalka Nafaqada Dalagyada Yara ee baradhada. Si aad waxbadan uga barato booqashada https://www.yara.us/crop-nutrition/potato/.