Maqaalkiisu waxa uu si qoto dheer u galay dunida soo jiidashada leh ee hidde-socodyada beeraha, isaga oo sahaminaya sida cilmi-baadhista goynta ahi ay uga faa’iidaysanayso awoodda hiddo-wadaha si kor loogu qaado adkeysiga dalagga ee ka hortagga xaaladaha heerkulka aadka u daran iyo cudurrada waxyeellada leh. Anaga oo ka duulayna xogtii ugu dambaysay iyo aragtiyaha laga helay ilaha sayniska, waxaanu daaha ka qaadaynaa kartida horumarka hidde-sidaha si aan wax uga bedelno muuqaalka beeraha oo aan awoodno beeralayda, beeraleyda, injineerada beeraha, iyo milkiilayaasha beeraha xal waara.
Isbeddelka heerkulka aadka u daran iyo weerarrada aan joogsiga lahayn ee cudur-sidaha ayaa caqabado waaweyn ku ah wax soo saarka beeraha adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarradii ugu dambeeyay ee cilmi-baarista hidde-sidaha ayaa ballan qaadaya horumarinta dalagyada ku kori kara xaaladaha xun. Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad lagu muujiyey Phys.org, saynisyahannadu waxay aqoonsadeen hiddo-sideyaal gaar ah oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara bixinta adkeysi heerkul aad u daran iyo weerarrada cudur-sidaha.
Cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen koox hidde-yaqaanno ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Dr. Emily Watson oo ka socota Machadka Sayniska Dalagga ee Jaamacadda Beeraha ayaa lagu ogaaday noocyo kala duwan oo hidde-side ah oo la xidhiidha kor u qaadida dulqaadka heerkulka xad-dhaafka ah. Markii la baaray DNA-da noocyada kala duwan ee dalagga, oo ay ku jiraan firileyda daruuriga ah sida sarreenka iyo bariiska, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay heleen taxane hidde-sideyaal gaar ah oo ka caawiya dhirta inay u adkeyso kulaylka ba'an iyo qabowga qabow. Kala duwanaanshahan hidde-sidaha ayaa awood u siinaya firfircoonida hababka ilaalinta, sida borotiinnada shoogga kulaylka iyo osmolytes, kuwaas oo ka ilaaliya dhirta waxyeelada heerkulka aadka u daran.
Marka laga soo tago adkaysiga heerkulka aadka u daran, saynisyahannadu waxay sidoo kale daaha ka qaadayaan dariiqyada hidde-sidaha ee xoojiya iska caabbinta cudurada. Iyada oo loo marayo daraasado genomic ah oo dhamaystiran, cilmi-baarayaasha Machadka Genomics ee Beeraha ayaa aqoonsaday hidda-socodka muhiimka ah ee awood u siinaya dhirta inay aqoonsadaan oo ay si wax ku ool ah uga jawaabaan weerarrada cudur-sidaha. Hidde-sidayaashani waxay u codeeyaan borotiinada iska caabbinta cudurrada, sida NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeats) borotiinada, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara bilaabista jawaabaha difaaca ee ka hortagga cudurada faafa. Fahamka qaabka hidda-socodka ee iska caabbinta cudurku waxay siinaysaa suurtagalnimada in lagu dhaliyo dalagyo leh difaac sare oo ka hortagga cudurrada dhirta ee ba'an.
Isku-dubaridka aragtida hidde-sidaha ee barnaamijyada taranta dalagga ayaa durba keenay natiijooyin rajo leh. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyin hidde-socod ah oo cusub, taranta dhirta waxay aqoonsan karaan oo dooran karaan noocyo leh sifooyin la doonayo, taasoo si weyn u dardargelinaysa horumarinta dalagyada adkeysi leh iyo kuwa wax soo saarka sare leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, hababka injineernimada hidaha, sida tafatirka hidda-socodka iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada CRISPR-Cas9, waxay bixiyaan habka lagu soo bandhigo hidde-sideyaal faa'iido gaar ah ama wax ka beddelka kuwa jira si kor loogu qaado adkeysiga dalagga.
Saamaynta ka faa'iidaysiga hiddo-wadaha si loola dagaallamo kulaylka ba'an iyo cudur-sidaha waa kuwo qotodheer. Beeraleydu waxay beeran karaan dalagyo si fiican ugu qalabaysan inay u adkeystaan kulaylka, abaaraha, iyo dhaxan, yaraynta khasaaraha soosaarka iyo hubinta sugnaanta cuntada. Agronomists iyo injineerada beeralayda waxay dejin karaan dhaqammo beerasho waara oo ku habboon awoodaha hidde ee dalagga adkeysiga leh, iyaga oo wanaajinaya isticmaalka kheyraadka iyo yareynta saameynta deegaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, bulshada sayniska waxay sii wadi kartaa sahaminta kartida ballaaran ee cilmi-baarista hidde-sidaha si loo furo xeelado cusub oo horumarinta dalagga.
Gebagebadii, isku-xidhka hidde-sideyaasha iyo beeruhu waxay furaan fursado xiiso leh oo lagaga gudbi karo caqabadaha ka dhasha heerkulka xad-dhaafka ah iyo khataraha cudur-sidaha. Aqoonsiga iyo ka faa'iidaysiga hidde-sideyaasha la xidhiidha adkeysiga waxay bixiyaan dariiqa loo maro dhaqamada beeraha waara iyo korodhka wax soo saarka dalagga. Marka aynu si qoto dheer u sii galno qaab-dhismeedka hidde-sidaha ee dalagyada, mustaqbalku waxa uu hayaa awood aad u weyn oo lagu horumarinayo xalal habaysan si wax looga qabto baahiyaha kobcaya ee beeralayda, beeraleyda, injineerada beeraha, milkiilayaasha beeraha, iyo saynisyahano si hagar la'aan ah uga shaqaynaya quudinta adduunka.
Tags: beeraha, genetics, adkeysiga dalagga, heerkulka aad u daran, cudur-sidaha, injineernimada hidde, beerashada waarta, taranta dalagga, cudurada dhirta