Tobannaan sano, Jaamacadda Maine waxay cilmi-baaris beereed oo qiimo leh u hurtay barashada sida loo horumariyo dalagyada baradhada, oo ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha beeraha ee gobolka.
Sannadkii la soo dhaafay, diiradda hawsha barnaamijka ayaa kor u kacday iyadoo maskaxda lagu hayo hal yool oo gaar ah: sameynta baradho u adkaysta isbeddelka cimilada.
In kasta oo heerkulka diirran uu kordhin karo xilliga beerista baradhada ee Maine, haddana waxay sidoo kale sababi karaan dhibaatooyin la xiriira tayada iyo cudurrada dalagga, ayuu yiri Gregory Porter, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay cilmiga deegaanka dalagga iyo maamulka dalagga ee UMaine. Porter waa baaraha hormuudka ka ah barnaamijka taranka baradhada ee dugsiga, kaas oo ka shaqeeya mashaariicda laga bilaabo horumarinta fursadaha suuqgeynta ee beeralayda ilaa horumarinta baradhada oo u adkaysi badan cudurrada sida fayraska baradhada Y.
Horumarinta baradho u adkaysta cimilada isbeddelaysa ayaa hadda ka muhiimsan sidii hore. Maine waxay ka soo baxaysaa sanad aad u wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay dalagyada baradhada, taas oo qayb weyn ka ah guusha Russet-ka Caribou
"Saadaasha isbeddelka cimilada waa dhacdooyin roobab culus, baradhaduna muddo dheer uma dulqaadanayaan daadadka ama xaaladaha qoyan iyada oo aan la kulmin dhibaatooyin kale oo tayo leh," ayuu yiri Porter. "Haddii aan rabno in baradhada si guul leh looga soo saaro Maine, waxaan u baahanahay inaan awoodno inaan soo saarno noocyo u adkaysta isbeddelka."
Kulaylka iyo daadadka ma aha arrimaha kaliya. Cayayaanka sida cayayaanka baradhada ee Colorado iyo aphids-ka faafiya cudurrada ayaa ku barwaaqoobay cimilada isbeddelaysa, ayuu yiri Jim Dill, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay maaraynta cayayaanka ee Jaamacadda Maine Cooperative Extension. Taranka isbeddello yaryar oo u muuqda mid yar oo ku yimaada qaab-dhismeedka baradhada - tusaale ahaan, caleemo timo leh oo adkeynaya in cayayaanka ay ku wareegaan geedka - waxay yareyn kartaa burburka cayayaanka iyo sidoo kale baahiyaha sunta cayayaanka.
Maalgeliyayaashuna way ku qanceen. Noofambar 9, UMaine waxay heshay lacag dhan $510,104 si ay cilmi-baaris ugu sameyso taranka baradhada ee Maine iyada oo loo marayo Machadka Qaranka ee Cuntada iyo Beeraha ee Waaxda Beeraha ee Mareykanka.
"Miisaanka dadaalka deeqda cusub wuxuu kor u qaadayaa dareenkeenna ku aaddan cadaadiska kulaylka iyo dulqaadka daadadka ka dhalan doona isbeddelka cimilada," ayuu yiri Porter.
Taranka sifooyinka noocaas ah ee baradhada waa geedi socod dheer oo lagu kala saaro noocyada kala duwan ee baradhada ilaa ay ka soo saaraan abuurka noocyo cusub, kuwaas oo ku yimaada geedo cagaaran oo u eg yaanyada cherry bislaaday marka loo eego baradhada abuurka ah ee beeralayda badankood ay yaqaaneen.
Dabadeed baradhada waxaa lagu tijaabiyaa goobo kala duwan oo ku yaal Maine iyo guud ahaan dalka, ma aha oo kaliya sifooyinka koraya ee loo doortay sida dulqaadka kulaylka iyo iska caabbinta cayayaanka, laakiin sidoo kale tayada sida wax soo saarka, adkeysiga rarida iyo - dabcan - dhadhanka.
"Waxay qaadataa 10 sano oo xulasho ah ka dib is-weydaarsiga bilowga ah ee bacriminta, waxayna qaadan kartaa laba ilaa shan sano ka hor inta aan la samayn qiimeyn ganacsi oo ku filan si loo sii daayo noocyo cusub oo baradho ah," ayuu yiri Porter. "Waxaa jira astaamo badan oo loo baahan yahay si noocyada kala duwan ay u guuleystaan, isla mar ahaantaana waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan dooranno horumarin 50 astaamo ama ka badan. Aad bay u adag tahay in dhammaan sifooyinkaas wanaagsan lagu daro nooc dhir ah. Taasi waa sababta ay u baahan tahay dadaal joogto ah."
Habka taranka ee Porter iyo la-hawlgalayaashiisu adeegsadaan wuu ka duwan yahay habka hidde-sidaha wax looga beddelo baradhada, kaas oo si dhakhso leh u soo saari kara noocyo cusub. In kasta oo Porter uu u malaynayo in dalagyada hidde-sidaha wax laga beddelay ay leeyihiin booskooda - tusaale ahaan, haddii aad raadineyso inaad siiso dalagga sifo gebi ahaanba cusub - waxaa jira faa'iidooyin ku jira habka taranka baradhada ee gaabiska ah oo deggan.
"Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka waxa aan qabanno ayaa ah inaad isku dari karto noocyo badan oo horumarin ah hal nooc," ayuu yiri Porter. "Waxaad haysataa faa'iidada suurtagalka ah ee wax cusub oo si gaar ah loo hagaajiyay. Waxyaabo badan oo aan uga baahanahay hagaajinta baradhada waxaan haysannaa astaamaha la heli karo, waxaan u baahanahay inaan waalidiinta si sax ah u kala saarno."
Porter weli ma oga goorta noocyada baradhada ee u adkaysta isbeddelka cimilada ay diyaar u noqon doonaan suuqa, laakiin waxay hadda ku jiraan marxalad tijaabo cilmi-baaris ah oo laga sameeyay goobo ku yaal Mareykanka oo dhan. Tusaale ahaan, baradhada waxaa lagu hayaa meelo sida Virginia, North Carolina iyo Florida si loo tijaabiyo cadaadiska heerkulka sare, iyo cadaadiska cudurrada ee Pennsylvania.
"Marka aan helno qaar u muuqda kuwo wanaagsan, waxaan u gudbin doonnaa warshadaha oo aan arki doonnaa inay mudan yihiin in la korsado," ayuu yiri Porter.
Magac aad u fiican oo suuq geyn kara sida Caribou russet? Way adag tahay in la yiraahdo waqtigan, laakiin Porter wuxuu yiri wuu ka fikirayaa.
"Waqti badan ayaan ku qaataa wadista baabuurta inta u dhaxaysa halkan iyo Degmada Aroostook, taasina waxay i siinaysaa waqti badan oo aan kaga fikiro magacyada noocyada kala duwan," ayuu yiri.
