#Seed La Xaqiijiyay #Beerashada Baradhada #Waxqabadka Dalagga
Soo ogow muhiimada isticmaalka shinni baradho ah oo la xaqiijisan yahay xagga beeraha. Wax ka baro tilmaamaha, nadaafadda kala duwan, iyo shuruudaha dulqaadka cudurada ee ay dejiyeen xeerarka shahaadaynta abuurka qaranka. Abuurka aan la aqoonsan wuxuu u horseedi karaa infekshanno wuxuuna dhali karaa khasaare, taasoo ka dhigaysa muhiim in mudnaanta la siiyo abuur shahaadeysan si loo helo waxtarka dalagga ugu wanaagsan iyo faa'iidada.
Abuurka baradhada ee la xaqiijiyay ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara hubinta beerashada baradhada ee guulaysata iyadoo la raacayo tilmaamaha adag ee nadaafadda kala duwan iyo dulqaadka cudurada. Xeerarka iyo qawaaniinta shahaadaynta abuurka qaranku waxay dejiyaan halbeegyada abuur shahaadaysan, iyagoo beeralayda siiya ilo la isku hallayn karo oo ay ka helaan agab beeris oo tayo sare leh.
Isticmaalka shinni aan la aqoonsanin ama waxyaabo kale sida abuur hal-mar ah, culls, digriiga weyn, ama ilbiriqsiyadu waxay khataro weyn u keeni karaan dalagga baradhada. Mid ka mid ah walaacyada aasaasiga ah ayaa ah infekshanka suurtagalka ah ee Fayraska Caleenta Baradhada (PLRV). Infekshankan fayrasku wuxuu keeni karaa khasaare laxaad leh oo xagga wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada labadaba, taasoo u horseedaysa dib-u-dhac dhaqaale oo weyn beeralayda.
Daraasado badan ayaa muujiyay saamaynta xun ee fayrasyadu ku leeyihiin dalagyada baradhada. Tusaale ahaan, cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen Hamm iyo Hann sannadkii 1999-kii waxay muujiyeen in dhirta baradhada ee ka soo baxda abuurka PLRV-ku ay keeneen ugu yaraan 60% wax-soo-saar yar iyo 88% wax-soo-saar yar oo suuqa ah ( digriiga> 85 g) marka la barbar dhigo dhirta laga beero abuur caafimaad leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, abuur PLRV-ku dhacay waxay keentay geedo leh digriiga yar iyo kuwa yar.
Daraasad kale, wax-soo-saarka kaydka abuurka Pontiac Red Pontiac ee uu ku dhacay fayraska baradhada X (PVX) ayaa hoos u dhacay 21.85% marka la barbar dhigo kaydka bilaashka ah ee PVX, sida uu sheegay Hoyman 1964. Sidoo kale, dalag Russet Burbank ah oo uu ku dhacay fayraska baradhada miraha Y (PVY) waxay la kulmeen hoos u dhac wax-soo-saar celcelis ah 63.5% marka loo eego Whitworth et al. sanadkii 2006dii.
Shahaadada iniinuhu waxay u adeegtaa dammaanad ah in cudurradu aanay joogin heerar si xun u saameeya wax-soo-saarka dalagga ama suuq-geynta. Xaaladda cudurrada qaarkood sida bakteeriyada wilt iyo baradhada cyst nematode (PCN), ka-saarid buuxda ayaa lagama maarmaan ah si looga hortago faafidda cudurka iyo dhalida luminta. Heerarka Qaranka ee Shahaadaynta Baradhada Abuurka (AUSVEG, Agoosto 2007) ayaa waajibinaya in si joogto ah loo baadho dhammaan beeraha loo isticmaalo dalagyada abuur ee la shahaadiyey PCN. Tijaabadani waxay ku lug leedahay ururinta muunadaha ciidda isku-darka ah ee toban ilaa toban mitir labadii hektarba, hubinta in heerka "PCN-free" ee beerta la ilaaliyo.
Doorashada abuurka shahaadaysan waa tallaabo firfircoon si loo yareeyo khatarta cudurrada loona kordhiyo waxqabadka dalagga. Iyaga oo u hoggaansamaya xeerarka shahaadaynta abuurka qaranka, beeralaydu waxay hubin karaan in dalagyadooda baradhada lagu beeray iniin tayo sare leh kuwaas oo maray tijaabo adag oo la kulmay nadiifnimada lagama maarmaanka ah iyo heerarka dulqaadka cudurrada.
Doorashada abuur shahaadaysan, beeralayda waxay si weyn u dhimi karaan suurtogalnimada khasaaraha wax-soo-saarka, ilaalinta suuq-geynta wax-soo-saarkooda, waxayna ilaalin karaan faa'iidada guud. Maalgelinta abuur shahaadeysan ayaa siinaya aasaas adag oo lagu guuleysto hawlgal beereedka baradhada.
Shaxda 2-3: Cabbirka tijaabada xannibaadda ee saamaynta isku-darka ah ee PVX iyo PVS ee wax-soo-saarka digriiga ee baradhada Netted Gem ee British Columbia, 1969 (Wright, 1970). | ||||
Wax-soo-saarka (t/ha) | No. Tubers/100 m | |||
Nuxurka Fayraska | Suuq geyn kara | Wadarta Guud | Suuq geyn kara | Wadarta Guud |
Fayruus ka madax banaan | 56.8 | 59.5 | 20,830 | 23,160 |
PVX iyo PVS | 44.0 | 46.4 | 18,500 | 20,970 |
Farqiga dhabta ah1 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 2,330 | 2,190 |
% farqiga | 29.8 | 28.1 | 12.5 | 9.6 |
Tayada abuurka in laga tago nasiibku waxay cawaaqib xun ku yeelan kartaa beeralayda baradhada. Si kor loogu qaado waxqabadka dalagga iyo faa'iidada, waxaa lama huraan ah in mudnaanta la siiyo isticmaalka abuur baradho ah oo shahaadeysan. U hoggaansanaanta hab-raacyada nadaafadda kala duwan iyo dulqaadka cudurrada, sida ay dejiyeen xeerarka iyo xeerarka shahaado-siinta abuurka qaranka, waxay hubisaa in dalagga ka dhasha uu yahay mid u nugul caabuqyada oo uu dhaliyo khasaare. Samaynta doorashooyin xog ogaal ah oo ku saabsan tayada abuurka, da'da jireed, iyo shahaado siinta cudurada, beeralayda waxay sare u qaadi karaan awooda dalagga waxayna sugi karaan guusha mustaqbalka fog.
Qalabka: Beeralayda Baradhada Australia