Sannad kasta noocyo cusub ayaa bilaaba samaynta wareegyada.
Muddo tobanaan sano ah, dhaq-dhaqaaqayaasha dhirta iyo cilmi-baarayaasha Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ku bixiyeen saacado aan la tirin karin si taxadar leh u dhigma la-hawlgalayaasha suurtagalka ah iyagoo rajeynaya abuurista baradho wanaagsan. Iyaga oo leh indho guduudan, go'aan ey ah, waxay dulmaraan warbixinnada tijaabada waxayna si naxariis leh u beeraan geedo yaryar. Wax yar oo nasiib ah, dhammaan shaqadaas ayaa laga yaabaa inay ugu dambeyntii u horseeddo mid ka mid ah iskutallaabyadaas inay noqdaan noocyo magac leh oo loo isticmaalo beeraha dhabta ah iyo jikada dhabta ah.
Sannad kasta, wararka ku saabsan dhowr nooc oo cusub ayaa bilaaba samaynta wareegyada. Mid kastaa wuxuu hayaa ballan badan: Midkani wuxuu kaydin doonaa waqti dheer; in mid ka mid ah uu u nugul yahay nabarrada; Mid kale ayaa aad uga adkeysi badan caabuqa goor dambe ama Fusarium ama psyllids. Guud ahaan, mid kasta oo ka mid ah noocyadaas ayaa sameeya waxa uu sheegayo.
Hase yeeshee, sababo jira awgood, shaqadaas oo dhan iyo wax-soo-saarka guusha dhabta ah ee ay u socdeen, dad aad u tiro yar oo adduunka ah ee horumarinta kala duwan ayaa arkay noocyadooda si ballaaran loo aqbalay warshadaha. Dhacdadan ayaa laga yaabaa in si aad ah loogu muujiyey laba nooc oo russet ah: Burbank iyo Norkotah. Tan iyo waxa dareemaya waaberiga wakhtiga, labadan ayaa si buuxda u maamulay labada qaybood ee cusub iyo russet suuqa russet. Labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, daraasiin noocyo ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin "Burbank soo socda" ama "Norkotah soo socda." Warqadda, badankoodu waxay u muuqdaan inay haystaan googoynta si ay u taageeraan sheegashadan. Laakiin midna ma haysto
Su'aashu waxay tahay, waayo?
Jeanne Debons waa agaasimaha fulinta ee ururka Machadka Maareynta Noocyada Baradhada, kaas oo la shaqeeya ururada beeralayda iyo barnaamijyada jaamacadaha si ay u horumariyaan oo ay u horumariyaan noocyo cusub oo baradho ah ee Pacific Northwest. Tani waa su'aasha noocaan ah ee habeenkii soo kicisa. Waxay leedahay dareen dhab ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta kala duwan, laakiin waxay fahamsan tahay xaqiiqada warshadaha.
"Koritaanka noocyo cusub waxay la mid tahay kaxaynta gaadhi tartanka Formula 1ayay tiri. "Qaar badan oo ka mid ah noocyada cusub ayaa awood u leh waxqabad sare waxayna keeni karaan wax soo saar sare, badanaa oo leh waxyaabo yar. Qabashada ayaa ah inay u baahan yihiin fiiro gaar ah oo faahfaahsan. Noocyada koritaanka sida Russet Burbank iyo Russet Norkotah way fududahay marka la barbardhigo, sababtoo ah beeralayda ayaa khibrad sanado badan u leh iyaga. "
Qoyska Macy waxay beeralayda baradhada shinnida ee bartamaha Oregon ku dhawaad 50 sano. Waqtigaas, waxay qaadeen hawsha kobcinta noocyada cusub ee PVMI dhowr jeer.
"Waxaan isku daynay noocyo badan," ayuu yiri Mike Macy, "anaga oo isku daynay in qaar ka mid ah ay galaan warshadaha. Wax badan ayaan ka helnay, laakiin way fududahay in la gubo haddii processor-ku uu dhammaado ma ansixin noocyo kala duwan. Anagoo ah beeralayda shinnida, waa khatar inaan luqunta ka saarno oo aan soo saarno wax cusub. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad sannado geliso, kaliya si ay warshaduhu u beddelaan maskaxdooda oo ay kuugu daayaan inaad gacanta ku hayso bacda."
Richard Macy waxa uu ku nuuxnuuxsaday aaminaadda Debons ee ah in ka labalabaynta qaadashada noocyo cusub ay inta badan keento aqoonta la isku dayay iyo runta. "Waxaa jira cafis noocyo hore," ayuu yidhi. "Haddii soo saaraha ganacsigu uu wax ka khaldamo Burbank ama Norkotah, way soo laaban doonaan sanadka soo socda. Haddii aad soo saarto noocyo cusub, ma jirto cafis. Haddii ay khibrad xun leeyihiin, kala duwanaantaas badanaa waa la sameeyaa. "
Ritchey Toevs, oo ganacsi ahaan ugu beera warshadaha habsocodka ee Aberdeen, Idaho, ayaa ogolaatay. Oo wuxuu u maleynayaa inay tahay maskax khatar ah in warshadaha ay galaan. Gaar ahaan gobolka uu ku nool yahay, oo caan ku ah baradhada, Toevs wuxuu aaminsan yahay inay jirto qiimo weyn oo si caqli-gal ah u kordhaya wax soo saarka noocyada cusub ee ugu fiican.
" Helitaanka noocyo loo xushay gobolkayaga, oo ka shaqeeya warshadaha halkan, runtii waa muhiim," ayuu yidhi. "Idaho waxay abuurtay calaamad awood leh, laakiin ma ku ilaalin karnaa inay soo saarto isla badeecada ay dawladaha kale soo saari karaan sidoo kale?" Toevs waxa uu tixraacayaa Burbank iyo Norkotah, kuwaas oo, ayuu yidhi, bixiya Idaho fursad xaddidan oo kala duwanaansho ah.
"Waxaad ku kori kartaa Norkotahs ee Colorado ama Nebraska ama Texas sida aad awooddo ee Idaho," ayuu yidhi "Runtii way adagtahay in la kala saaro badeecada haddii ay tahay isla badeecad. Dadku miyay sii wadi doonaan inay yimaadaan Idaho si ay u iibsadaan wax la mid ah oo meel kasta oo kale lagu beeri karo? "Waxaa jira dhammaan noocyadan cusub ee aad u malaynayso inay si wanaagsan uga shaqayn doonaan gobollo kala duwan," ayuu yidhi Mike Macy, "laakin weli waxaa jira Burbanks iyo Norkotahs badan. Waxaan u maleynayaa in warshaduhu ay ugu dambeyntii gaari doonaan heer ay qaar ka mid ah kuwan si ballaaran loo qaadan doono. "
Shantii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Toevs ayaa koray Clearwater Russets, noocyo kala duwan oo kasbaday qaar ka mid ah wada hadalka "wax weyn oo soo socda". Waxay ku guulaysteen beertiisa, qayb ahaan, ayuu yidhi, sababtoo ah si degdeg ah uma quusin. "Ganacsatada aniga oo kale ah ayaa si fudud u nixi kara," ayuu yidhi. Laakin uma baahnid inaad baxdo oo aad beertaada oo dhan ku beerto nooc cusub. Ku samee talaabooyin yar yar; qoraal qaado; sii wad inaad horumariso oo aad ku qaadato wax kasta oo miisaan yar oo adiga kuu shaqeeya.
"Koraleydu waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin inay la hadlaan taranta iyo dadka soo saara noocyo si ay uga caawiyaan inay fahmaan arrimaha," Toevs ayaa sii waday. "Dhaqaaleyaasha iyo horumariyayaashu had iyo jeer ma fahmaan waxa aan wajahayno dhamaadkayaga. Xidhiidhku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu si fiican u fiicnaado, sababtoo ah dadkaas runtii way ka go'an tahay; Waxay rabaan inay arkaan noocyadan oo shaqeynaya, runtiina way rumaysan yihiin iyaga - badiyaa sabab wanaagsan."
Taasi waa Grail Quduuska ah ee horumarinta kala duwan: helitaanka mid aan kaliya helin cag laakiin ka guulaysata heerka ugu sarreeya ee aqbalaadda baahsan ee warshadaha. Hubaal, haddii Burbank-ga soo socda aanu hore ugu jirin meel, way dhawaan ahaan doontaa. Ma noqon doontaa Clearwater? Mise nooc kale oo PVMI ah (Debons ayaa rajo weyn ka qaba Umatilla, Pomerelle iyo La Belle Russet)? Dabcan, qofna si hubaal ah uma odhan karo. Laakiin mustaqbalku wuxuu u muuqdaa mid dhalaalaya.
Maqaalkani waxa uu ka muuqdaa Janaayo 2022 cadadka Beeraleyda baradhada.