Walxaha dabiiciga ah waa furaha bacriminta wanaagsan ee carrada iyo ciidda cimilada adag. B3W, oo ah adeegga hagitaanka ee tayada ciidda iyo biyaha oo wanaagsan, ayaa soo qabanqaabisay kulan daraasad ah oo uu la yeeshay beeralayda Xavier Desmet si ay si faahfaahsan u sahamiyaan doorka wareegga dalagga iyo bacriminta..
Tan iyo horraantii 1990-meeyadii, waxa ku jira walxaha dabiiciga ah ee ku jira carrada beeraha iyo beeraha ee Flemish ayaa hoos u dhacayay. Caqabadda cimiladu waxay mar kale mawduuca kaarboonka dabiiciga ah ee carrada beeraha ka dhigtay mid sare. Beeralaydu waxay muddo dheer ogaayeen in si ay u ilaaliyaan walxaha dabiiciga ah ee carrada, ay tahay in la helo sahay ku filan oo ah walxo dabiici ah oo cusub oo qaab haraaga dalagga ama bacriminta dabiiciga ah.
Doorka wareegga dalagga iyo digada cagaaran
Beertiisa isku dhafan, Xavier Desmet wuxuu ku beeraa noocyo kala duwan dalagyo la beeran karo sida sarreenka jiilaalka iyo baradhada iyo khudaarta warshadaha sida digirta iyo karootada. Isku-darka ballaaran ee dalagyada ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaya in la hubiyo sahay joogto ah oo walxo dabiici ah oo ku yaal dhulkiisa sannado badan. Ka dib marka dalagyada ay ku jiraan walxo dabiici ah oo hooseeya, sida baradhada, dalagyada leh walxo organic ah oo badan, sida sarreenka jiilaalka, had iyo jeer waa la beeraa.
Digada cagaaran sidoo kale aad bay muhiim ugu tahay Desmet: "Sida digada cagaaran, waxaan doorannaa isku darka oo lagu daro boorashka Japan, mustard huruud ah ama facelia. Boorashka Japan waa kuwa ugu soo jiidashada badan macnaha wanaagsan iyadoo leh kaarboon organic ah oo wax ku ool ah oo ah 1.2 tan oo hektar ah. Isku darka noocaas ah wuxuu soo saaraa bayomass ka badan dhulka korkiisa iyo hoostiisa marka loo eego digada cagaaran ee keliya. Natiijo ahaan, qaadashada nitrogen ee ciidda iyo ka qayb qaadashada walxaha dabiiciga ah ee ciidda waxay ka badnaan doontaa tan digada cagaaran ee keliya."
Arrin muhiim ah oo xaddidaysa beeralayda badan ee khudaarta ayaa ah inay ka shaqeeyaan nooca 2aad ama 3aad ee dhulka marka la eego bacriminta iyo inay u isticmaalaan booska isticmaalka nitrogen ee beertooda dalagyada ugu muhiimsan. Taasi waa sababta nitrogen aan loogu isticmaali karin digada cagaaran ka dib qamadiga jiilaalka si loo bilaabo koritaanka iyo horumarka. "Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si loo dhiso walxaha dabiiciga ah, waxaa loo baahan yahay horumar wanaagsan oo digada cagaaran ah. Cilmi-baaris cilmiyeed laga sameeyay 2020 ayaa xaqiijinaysa waayo-aragnimada Xavier waxayna sheegaysaa in codsi nitrogen oo xaddidan (ugu badnaan 36 kg N firfircoon halkii hektar) ka dib qamadiga jiilaalka uu gacan ka geysto horumarinta wanaagsan ee digada cagaaran sidaas darteedna uu horseedo sahay maaddooyin dabiici ah oo sarreeya."
Sida digada cagaaran ee dalagyada dambe, Desmet wuxuu doortaa qaar ka mid ah cawska iyo badarka, sida cawska ryegrass-ka Talyaaniga iyo galley. Maadaama uu yahay farac, badanaa wuxuu doortaa badar jiilaalka ka dib dalagga ugu muhiimsan ee xasaasiga u ah nitrate-ka sida baradhada. Wixii hadhuudhka jiilaalka ah, waa in la codsadaa cabbir u dhigma si loogu tiriyo aagga bartilmaameedka ah ee dalagyada la qabto. Mar walba ma fududa in la buuxiyo taariikhda beerista sharciga ah ee la soo jeediyay, sababtoo ah xaaladaha goynta ee dalagga ugu muhiimsan ama xaaladaha cimilada awgeed. "Dabacsanaan qaar ayaa ka faa'iideysan doonta shaqada iyo sidoo kale horumarinta digada cagaaran ama dalagga taranka," ayuu yiri Vandermoere.
Sida digada cagaaran ee dalagyada dambe, Desmet wuxuu doortaa qaar ka mid ah cawska iyo badarka, sida cawska ryegrass-ka Talyaaniga iyo galley. Maadaama uu yahay farac, badanaa wuxuu doortaa badar jiilaalka ka dib dalagga ugu muhiimsan ee xasaasiga u ah nitrate-ka sida baradhada. Wixii hadhuudhka jiilaalka ah, waa in la codsadaa cabbir u dhigma si loogu tiriyo aagga bartilmaameedka ah ee dalagyada la qabto. Mar walba ma fududa in la buuxiyo taariikhda beerista sharciga ah ee la soo jeediyay, sababtoo ah xaaladaha goynta ee dalagga ugu muhiimsan ama xaaladaha cimilada awgeed. "Dabacsanaan qaar ayaa ka faa'iideysan doonta shaqada iyo sidoo kale horumarinta digada cagaaran ama dalagga taranka," ayuu yiri Vandermoere.
Doorka bacriminta
Desmet sidoo kale wuxuu hayaa lo'da lo'da. Wuxuu ku mariyaa digada beeraha ee ka timaadda lo'dan lo'da dhulkiisa, gaar ahaan dalagyada leh maaddooyin organic ah oo hooseeya, sida baradhada iyo xididka sonkorta. Isagoo bacrimintiisa ku kordhinaya digada beeraha, Desmet wuxuu had iyo jeer si buuxda u buuxin karaa sahayda organic-ga ee loo baahan yahay si loo ilaaliyo heerarka maaddada organic-ga. Waxyaabaha organic-ga ah ee laga helo digada adag ayaa saddex jeer ka sarreeya marka loo eego slurry-ga.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka digada adag had iyo jeer kuma filna in la dhiso walxo dabiici ah sababtoo ah xaddidaadda aagga iibka sababtoo ah heerarka bacriminta ee fosfate. Hal suurgal oo ay kormeerayaasha B3W soo bandhigeen xilligan is-weydaarsiga waa isticmaalka compost shahaadaysan. Vandermoere: "Ka dib oo dhan, compost-yadani waxay bixiyaan walxo organic ah oo aad waxtar u leh halkii cutub ee nitrogen iyo fosfate ee ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego digada adag iyo slurry."
Intaa waxaa dheer, bacriminta la xaqiijiyay waxay ka kooban tahay 15 boqolkiiba nitrogen firfircoon. Intaa waxaa dheer, tallaabo gaar ah oo ku saabsan sharciga bacriminta, 50 boqolkiiba oo keliya ee fosfooraska waa in lagu xisaabtamaa dheelitirka bacriminta. Tusaale ahaan, adigoo isticmaalaya 30 tan oo bacriminta cagaaran ah halkii hektar, waxaad marisaa 3.3 tan oo kaarboon organic ah oo waxtar leh halkii hektar, halka aad isticmaaleyso 31 oo keliya.
