Beeralayda baradhada ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan inay dib uga fikiraan ku tiirsanaanta caadiga ah ee herbicides-ka-soo-baxa kahor sanadkan kadib muddo cimilo qalalan.
Iyadoo beerista ay si fiican u socoto iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay xaaladaha wanaagsan, carrada qalalan waxay saameyn xun ku yeelan doontaa waxtarka ka-hortagga haramaha ee soo ifbaxa sida caadiga ah lagu dabaqo tiirarka wax yar ka dib marka la beero. Maamulaha farsamada ee Corteva Agriscience Craig Chisholm ayaa sheegay in ka tagista haramaha iyada oo aan la xakameyn ay yareyn karto wax soo saarka, hoos u dhigista mishiinada goosashada iyo kordhinta khatarta cudurada.
"Carrada qallalan waxay dillaaci kartaa ama hoos u dhigi kartaa tiirarka, waxayna carqaladeyn kartaa dhammaan shaabadda muhiimka ah ee looga baahan yahay waxtarka ugu wanaagsan ee ka soo baxa herbicides ka hor. Natiijo ahaan, roobka ama waraabka la qorsheeyay dhowrka toddobaad ee soo socda ayaa kicin doona koritaanka haramaha ee dusha sare iyo qoto dheer,” Craig ayaa yidhi.
Xaaladaha qallalan waxay wax u dhimaan waxtarka
"Xaaladaha qallalan ee beeraha aan waraabka lahayn iyo carqaladaynta 'caqabadda' dhirbaaxada waxay ka dhigan tahay in waxtarka kimisteriga soo-baxa kahor la wiiqi doono. Tani waxay si fiican u noqon kartaa sanad marka beeralayda u baahan yihiin inay ka fikiraan la socodka buufinta ka dib soo ifbaxa."
Titus®, oo ay ku jiraan walaxda firfircoon ee rimsulfuron, waa daawo dhireed qiimo leh oo la beegsado haramaha dhibaatada muhiimka ah waana qalab aad u qiimo badan marka lagu jiro xilliga qalalan markaas oo waxqabadyada soo ifbaxa ka hor si xun loo saameyn doono. Xayawaanka la xushay ayaa udub dhexaad u ahaa barnaamijyada beeralayda baradhada xilli-hore si loo xakameeyo noocyo badan oo haramaha caleenta ballaaran ah oo ay ku jiraan jeexjeexyada, chickweed, redshank, mayweed iyo mutadawiciinta kufsiga abuurka saliidda. Titus sidoo kale wuxuu muujiyay waxqabad aad u wanaagsan oo ku saabsan caws kala duwan, gaar ahaan sariir.
Tayada caanka ah
"Tayada Titus si fiican ayey u yaqaanaan beeralayda baradhada UK iyo Irishka iyo beeraleyda iyo fursadaha yar ee loo heli karo xakamaynta haramaha, waxay noqon doontaa qalab waligeed aad muhiim u ah," ayuu yidhi Craig. "Titus waa in lagu dabaqaa marka haramaha caleen-ballaaran ay yar yihiin oo si firfircoon u korayaan, sida caadiga ah cotyledon ilaa afar caleemo, iyo cawska ka-hor-istaagga (laba-ilaa-saddex caleemo), iyo ka hor hoyga dalagga waxay saameyn ku yeelan kartaa caymiska dhirta.
"Waxay ku habboon tahay in loo isticmaalo dhammaan noocyada baradhada marka laga reebo dalagyada abuurka waxayna la jaan qaadi kartaa metribuzin, taas oo sii ballaarin doonta xajmiga haramaha ee noocyada baradhada kuwaas oo u dulqaadan kara codsiga soo-baxa ka dib." Titus waa in lagu codsadaa 50g/ha marka kaligii la marsado ama 40-50g/ha lagu daro metribuzin, oo had iyo jeer la isticmaalo adjuvant la ansixiyay.
Isticmaalka weyn ee nasashada dib-u-soo-nooleynta dabiiciga ah iyo daboolida dalagyada wareegyada beerashada waxay la macno tahay culeyska abuur caws ee qaar ka mid ah haramaha dhibka badan ee baradhada ayaa sii kordhaya. Jeexjeexyada, mayweed iyo kiishashka adhijirka, tusaale ahaan, waxay si degdeg ah u badin karaan hal xilli gudaheed. Beeralayda baradhada oo dareemaya qanjaruufo cadaadiska qiimaha gu'gan waxay eegi karaan fududaynta isku darka herbicide-ka si loo helo doorashooyin badan oo kharash-ool ah oo ka horreeya soo ifbaxa, u dooda Maareeyaha Farsamada Syngenta, Andy Cunningham.
"Idhi-u-dhigistii dhowayd ee ka hortagga herbicides-ka baradhada ayaa kordhisay fursadaha aqoonyahannada beeralayda. Xaalado badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku-dhafka fudud ayaa gaari kara wax kasta oo beeraleydu ay rabaan, qiimo hoose, ayuu soo jeediyay. "Qaar badan oo ka mid ah haramaha muhiimka ah ee culeyska saara soo bixitaanka baradhada hore waa la xakameyn karaa, iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga isku dhafka si loo ballaariyo xajmiga cawska ee gaarka ah," ayuu kula taliyay.
Tijaabooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujiyeen isku dhafka Defy (prosulfocarb) oo ah 4.0 l/ha + metabromuron heerar la dhimay oo ah 1.0 l/ha, tusaale ahaan, waxaa lagu gaaray in si buuxda loo xakameeyo haramaha caleen-balaadhan ee la qiimeeyay, oo ay ku jiraan chickweed, mayweed, cleaver iyo Shepherd's boorsada. Cadaadiska haramaha ee aan la daweyn ee noocyadan ayaa ka badnaa 70 m2. Isku darkaas, oo caadi ahaan qiimihiisu yahay £43 hektarkii qiimaha hadda, ayaa xitaa aad waxtar u leh guud ahaan marka la barbar dhigo Defy at 3.0 l/ha iyo metabromuron oo ah heerka 2.0 l/ha, kaas oo ku kici doona ku dhawaad £55/ha wuxuuna caddeeyay in uu xoogaa daciif yahay. on jeexjeexyada.
Isticmaalka Defy ee 4.0 l/ha oo lagu daray metribuzin oo ah 0.5 l/ha ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigi karta kharashaadka, laakiin tijaabada ayaa muujisay in saamaynta guud ee qaar ka mid ah haramaha waa la dhimi karaa. "Waa muhiim in la ogaado qiyaasta haramaha ee bartilmaameedka ah marka la isku daro isku-dhafka firfircoon ee ugu waxtarka badan iyo heerarka ku habboon," ayuu yidhi Mr Cunningham.
Xakamaynta cawska cawska
Iyo sidoo kale noocyada kala duwan ee haramaha caleen-ballaaran ee ay maamusho Defy, waxay sidoo kale bixisaa xakamaynta cawska cawska oo ay ku jiraan cawska cawska iyo galleyga. Isticmaalka qiime sare waxay kordhisaa hawsha hadhaaga ah waxayna ka dhigan tahay in codsiyada si ku habboon loo samayn karo isla markiiba ka dib marka la beero, ilaa ay ciidda ka soo baxayso caleemaha baradhada ee soo baxaya, si loo ilaaliyo beeraha nadiifka ah ilaa soo bixitaanka dalagga.
Tijaabada baradhada cusub ee Syngenta ee xilliga 2022 ayaa lagu wadaa inay baarto faa'iidada dheeriga ah ee wadarta guud ee xakamaynta haramaha ka soo korodhka heerarka Defy ilaa 5.0 l/ha, oo kharash dheeraad ah lagu jiro xaalad cadaadis sare leh, iyo sidoo kale isku darka cusub iyo kuwa jira herbicides. . Qaar ka mid ah xulashooyinka leh herbicides-ka cusub ee tijaabada ayaa gaaraya in ka badan £100 hektarkii, halka kuwa kalena ay ka hooseeyaan £20. Waa muhiim in lagu jees jeesto waxa qayb kastaa wax ku kordhinayo, si loo suurtageliyo go'aamo xog-ogaalnimo leh mustaqbalka," ayuu raaciyay.
Isku dhufashada haramaha
Hal warshad shandad adhijir ah, tusaale ahaan, waxa ay soo saari kartaa in ka badan 3000 oo iniin ah, waxaanay awood u leedahay in ay baaskiil wadid saddex jiil xilli gudaheed haddii aan la xakamayn. Iniinuhu waa cimri dheer yihiin waxayna si degdeg ah u soo bixi doonaan marka dusha sare laga keeno beero abuur baradho ah. "Goolers waa in sidoo kale ay ogaadaan in kiishashka adhijirku uu marti u yahay finan cad, kaas oo ku faafi kara dalagyada brassica haddii ay ku koraan wareegga," ayuu uga digay Mr Cunningham. Inkasta oo loo arko inay fududdahay in la xakameeyo, culayska iyo kharashka xakamaynta ayaa kor u kacaya.