Qolfoofka budada ah waa cudur ka dhasha ciidda kaasoo ku soo baxa xaalad qabow oo qoyan, taasoo keenta nabarro aan fiicneyn oo ku dhaca digriiga baradhada iyo xameetida xididdada. Si ka duwan cudurada kale, Xanuunka 'Spongospora subterranea' waxay ku noolaan karaan ciidda muddo sanado ah sida xadhkaha nasashada, taasoo ka dhigaysa ciribtirka ku dhawaad wax aan macquul ahayn. Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay ayaa tilmaamaya in isbeddelka cimiladu uu uga sii dari karo arrinta, maadaama isbeddelada cimilada ay abuurayaan xaalado ku habboon firfircoonida spore (FAO, 2023).
Cudurka sidoo kale waa kan kaliya ee la yaqaan vector of Fayraska mop-top baradhada (PMTV), taasoo sii yaraynaysa tayada tuberka iyo suuqgeynta. In kasta oo ay saameyn dhaqaale ku leedahay, PMTV marar dhif ah ayay muujisaa calaamadaha foliar, taasoo ka dhigaysa in goor hore la ogaado (Charkowski, 2024).
Calaamadaha iyo Faafida
Digriiga caabuqa ayaa marka hore soo baxa guduud-bunni, nabar go'ay, ku xiga malax kor u kaca oo ay ka buuxaan kudka. Xuubyadani way dillaacaan, iyagoo ku sii daaya kudka ciidda, halkaas oo ay sii jiri karaan in ka badan toban sano (Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Ontario, 2023).
Cudurka cudur-sidaha wuxuu ku faafo:
- Digriiga abuurka infekshan
- Ciid wasakhaysan (iyada oo loo marayo qalab, biyo, ama dabayl)
- Digada xoolaha oo la quudiyo baradhada cudurka qaba
Marka ciidda la soo galo, xadhkaha nasashada ayaa biqil marka ay kiciyaan qulqulka xididka baradhada, sii daaya kudka dabaasha ee caabuqa dhirta cusub.
Caqabadaha Xakamaynta iyo Cilmi-baarista
1. Ikhtiyaarada Daawaynta xadidan
Si ka duwan sida cudurada fangas ee lagu xakameyn karo fungicides, qolof budada ah ma laha xal kiimiko ah. Cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen kooxda Charkowski ee Jaamacadda Colorado State University ayaa lagu ogaaday taas ciidda kulaylka lagu daweeyo (hab sterilization caadi ah) waxay ka sii dari kartaa dillaaca iyadoo la dilo microbes faa'iido leh sida trichoderma, kaas oo si dabiici ah u xakameynaya cudur-sidaha (Journal of Plant Pathology, 2023).
2. Wareegid Dalagga oo aan waxtar lahayn
Imtixaanka daraasadaha 18-19 dalagyo wareeg ah oo kala duwan waxay muujisay hoos u dhac yar oo ku yimid rarka xadhkaha, taasoo xaqiijinaysa adkeysiga cudur-sidaha (Journal American of Potato Research, 2023).
3. Aaladaha ogaanshaha ee soo baxaya
Koox cilmi-baaris oo Maraykan ah ayaa soo koraya baaritaano degdeg ah oo ogaanshaha PMTV, ujeedadiisu tahay in si degdeg ah loo ogaado beerta dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo la'aanta xilliga beergooyska ayaa weli ah caqabad ku ah korsashada baahsan (USDA, 2024).
Xeeladaha Maareynta Isku-dhafan
Si loo yareeyo khasaaraha, khubaradu waxay ku talinayaan a hab dhinacyo badan leh:
✔ Isticmaal shinni la xaqiijiyay oo aan cudur lahayn
✔ Iska ilaali digada xoolaha ee baradhada cudurka qaba
✔ Fulin badbaado noole adag (qalabka nadiifi, xaddid taraafikada goobta)
✔ Hagaajinta waraabka (Yaree qoyaanka xad-dhaafka ah)
✔ Tijaabi noocyo adkaysi u leh (beeraha qaar ayaa muujinaya dulqaad qaybeed)
Qolfoofka budada ayaa weli ah cadow aad u daran beeralayda baradhada, laakiin horumarka laga gaaray ogaanshaha iyo maaraynta isku dhafan ayaa rajo ah. Marka la isku daro noolaha, noocyo adkaysi u leh, iyo waraabka saxda ah, beeralayda waxay yareyn karaan cadaadiska cudurada waxayna ilaalin karaan wax soo saarka. Cilmi baaris la sii wado xakamaynta noolaha iyo qalabka hore ee ogaanshaha waxay fure u noqon doontaa xalalka mustaqbalka fog.
