Cawaaqibka heerkulka goosashada

Kala duwanaanshaha xaaladaha deegaanka inta lagu jiro goosashada way kala duwanaan kartaa iyadoo ku xiran cimilada maalinlaha ah iyo waqtiga maalinta. Xaaladaha goosashada "ku habboon" waxay leeyihiin heerkul saxarka tuber ah oo u dhexeeya 50 ilaa 55°F.

Dhab ahaantii, talooyinka waa in la goosto inta u dhaxaysa 45 iyo 65°F. La socodka heerkulka saxarka iyo hagaajinta waqtiyada goosashada maalintii ayaa laga yaabaa inay lagama maarmaan noqoto si loo hoos ugu dhaco heerkulkaas. Kala duwanaanshaha heerkulkan wuxuu u baahan karaa wax ka beddel haddii goosashada beerta dhagaxa ah, beerista noocyo u nugul, ama xaaladaha koraya ee beerta ay kordhiyaan u nuglaanshaha dalagga ee nabarro ama cudurro sida walbahaarka, dhimashada hore, iyo waraabinta xad-dhaafka ah ama ka yar.

Cawaaqibta heerkulka saxarka qabow:

Avoid harvesting potatoes with pulp temperatures less than 45°F. For varieties susceptible to Fusarium dry rot (for example Clearwater Russet, Umatilla Russet) it is recommended to harvest at pulp temperatures above 50°F. Cold temperatures increase the potential for potatoes to shatter bruise or fissures to occur and thus allow a perfect entry point for Fusarium dry rot or other pathogens to invade. Shatter bruises are also more difficult to wound heal due to the jaggedness of the wound. The damaged surface area of a potato can lose up to 500% more water compared to an undamaged area.

• Tani waxay noqon kartaa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah hoos u dhaca guud ahaan, gaar ahaan qaybta hore ee xilliga kaydinta marka khasaaraha neefsashada iyo dheecaanka uu ugu sarreeyo.

Noocyo qaar, sida Ranger Russet, ayaa si dhakhso ah u waayi kara tayada habaynta haddii ay la kulmaan heerkul qabow (<45°F). Kordhinta yaraynta sonkorta ee ka dhalata soo-gaadhista heerkulka qabow ma yaraato kaydinta - waxyeello ayaa horeba loo sameeyay.

Marka la gaaro dhammaadka xilliga goosashada waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan jirin maalmo badan oo diirran oo harsan, qaar ka mid ah baradhadana waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan kaydinta heerkul aan fiicnayn oo saxarka ah. Malaha baradhadaasi waa kuwa ugu dambeeya ee lagu shubo meel maqaasiin ah oo horey u haysa baradho la goostay heerkul diirran. Ama xitaa ka sii badan, baradhada la goostay subaxdii heerkul qabow iyo baradhada la goostay galabtii heerkul diirran ayaa lagu shubaa isla kaydinta. Tani waxay keenaysaa go'aanno maareyn oo adag. Suurtagalnimada in uumiga ku jiro tuulmada iyo dusha sare ayaa ka weyn. Hawo-qaadistu waa furaha maaraynta kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka tuulmada.

Waxaa ugu wanaagsan in hawada la keeno qiyaastii 1°F-2F ka yar baradhada ugu qabow. Haddii salka tuulmada uusan ugu yaraan 50°F ahayn, waxaa lagu talinayaa in si tartiib tartiib ah tuulmada loo oggolaado inay kululaato, haddana la siiyo hawo nadiif ah oo ugu badan. Tani waxay bixin doontaa xaalado wanaagsan oo bogsashada nabarrada. Culayska kulaylka ee kaydinta ku jira waa mid sarreeya xilliga goosashada - 30+ BTU/cwt/maalintii - sidaa darteed waxaa jira kulayl badan oo la soo saarayo si loo kululeeyo tuulmada.

Cawaaqibta heerkulka diirran ee saxarka:

Waxaa jira dhowr cawaaqib oo waaweyn oo ka dhalan kara goosashada digriiga diiran. Marka hore, suurtogalnimada khasaaraha oo ay ugu wacan tahay qudhun casaan ah iyo daadashada Pythium ayaa si weyn u kordheysa. Heerkulka saxarka oo ka sarreeya 65 ilaa 70°F ayaa si weyn u kordhiya fursadda baradhada inay ku dhacdo Pythium xitaa iyada oo aan dhaawac weyn la gaarin. Sida ugu habboon, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la goosto baradhada heerkulka saxarka oo ka hooseeya 65°F si loo yareeyo suurtagalnimada qudhunka tuber-ka oo ay ugu wacan tahay daadashada Pythium.

In kasta oo qudhunka casaanka ahi aanu u baahnayn nabar si uu u saameeyo oo u burburo qanjiraha, haddana fursadda caabuqu si weyn ayay u kordheysaa marka qanjirku dhaawacmo, gaar ahaan heerkulka saxarka oo ka sarreeya 60°F. Xitaa haddii aad si tartiib ah u taabato baradhadaada, heerkulka saxarka oo ah 70°F wuxuu kordhiyaa khatarta ah inuu si weyn u kobco qudhunka casaanka ah haddii uu jiro inoculum-ku. Ku dar khatartan marka aad goosanayso heerkul sare oo saxarka ah.

Sida hadda la sheegay, waxaa jira kulayl aad u badan oo ay soo saaraan baradhada xilliga goosashada. Haddii heerkulka saxarka tuber-ka uu hore u sarreeyo, kulaylka neefsashaduna uu sarreeyo, tani waxay muujineysaa ujeeddada maaraynta kaydinta ee ugu horreysa - ka saar kulaylkaas sida ugu dhakhsaha badan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay jiraan kuleyl aad u badan oo ay keento baradhada xilliga goosashada.
Hawo qaboojin oo ku filan ma heli karto si loo xakameeyo culeyska kulaylkan. Qaboojiyaha waa ikhtiyaar aad u fiican oo lagu qaboojiyo baradhada xilliga goosashada, inkastoo nidaamku uu awood u leeyahay inuu xakameeyo culeyska kulaylka sare, sidoo kale waa in la bixiyaa hawo cusub si looga nadiifiyo kaarboon laba ogsaydh dhismaha.

Haddii aad isticmaaleyso hawo qaboojin dibadda ah oo keliya, kordhi waqtiga socodka adigoo keenaya hawo cusub 1 ilaa 2°F ka hooseeya baradhada ugu qabow oo sii wad habkan hoos u dhigista ilaa aad ka gaarto heerkulka bogsashada ee la rabo. Qaar ka mid ah guddiyada kontaroolada ee kombiyuutaraysan ayaa la barnaamijin karaa si ay tan u sameeyaan halka kuwa kalena laga yaabo inaad gacanta ku dejiso tallaabo kasta heerkulka. Ha u dejin barta la dejiyay 55°F - tani ma kordhin doonto waqtiga socodka. Baradhada dheer waxay ka sarreysaa 55°F ee kaydinta, ayaa khatarta ugu weyn ee burburka cudurrada sii kordheysa. Hawo-qaadistu waa muhiim si loo xakameeyo culeyska kulaylka ee kaydinta.

Nidaamka hawo-qaadashada - isku-hagaajinta saxda ah ee marinnada dhinaca:

Mid kasta oo kaydinta Nidaamka hawo-qaadashada waxaa loogu talagalay inuu bixiyo mugga iyo heerka hawada ee la rabo ee baradhada tirada badan. Qaybinta hawada ee saxda ah waa lama huraan si loo maareeyo xaaladaha heerkulka iyo cudurrada sida kor lagu sharaxay. Isbeddel kasta oo ku yimaada naqshaddan qaybinta hawada ee casriga ah waxay wax u dhimi doontaa qaboojinta iyo maaraynta isku-xidhka deegaanka iyo isku-dheellitirka heerkulka ee tuulmada. Tuubada tuubada dhulka korkiisa ah waa in si habboon loo hago, loo xidho, oo loo xidho si loo bixiyo hawada sida
loo baahan yahay. Godadka kala go'a iyo tuubooyinka aan si fiican loo hagaajin ma siin doonaan hawada tuulmada sidii loogu talagalay iyo sidii loo rabay. Hubinta in nidaamkani si habboon loo habeeyay waa "waajib" si loo bilaabo xilliga kaydinta.