Cudur-sidaha dhirta (phytopathogens) ee dalagyada cuntada ayaa caqabad weyn ku ah wax soo saarka beeraha adduunka oo dhan. Phytopathogens-yadani waxay mas'uul ka yihiin khasaaraha badan ee wax-soo-saarka xilliga goosashada ka hor, kaydinta iyo gaadiidka dalagyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in adduunka oo dhan, 20-30% dalagyada ay lumiyaan sannad kasta cudurrada dhirta awgeed.1 Ka mid ah phytopathogens, waxaa jira in ka badan 200 nooc oo phytobacteria. caqabad ku ah wax soo saarka beeraha.
Xeeladaha xakamaynta inta badan la isticmaalo waa antibiyootiga (tusaale, streptomycin) iyo iskudhisyada naxaasta ku salaysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka baahsan ee antibiyootiga ee beeraha ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, u horseeday horumarinta iska caabinta antibiyootigga ee dhowr phytopathogens. Iska caabbinta Streptomycin ayaa lagu arkay erwinia, Pseudomonas iyo Xanthomonas spp. Hidde-sideyaasha iska caabbinta antibiyootiga (tusaale, straB) ee ku jira phytopathogens-kan waxa ay mari karaan wareejinta hidde-sidaha tooska ah taaso keentay faafitaanka caabbinta antibiyootiga. Isticmaalka joogtada ah ee naxaasta waxay keenaysaa in ay ku ururto deegaanka, taas oo lala xiriiriyay dhibaatooyinka caafimaadka aadanaha, saamaynta sunta ah ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka, iyo horumarinta phytopathogens-dulqaadka naxaasta. Walaaca caafimaadka dadka iyo xoolaha ee lala xiriiriyay sunta naxaasta ah waxaa ka mid ah cudurada caloosha, beerka, taranka iyo neurodegenerative xanuunada sida cudurka Alzheimers. Hindiya cirrhosis carruurnimada waa cillad lala xiriiriyay qaadashada tiro badan oo naxaas ah shakhsiyaadka u nugul hidde ahaan. Sunta ay sababto maarta ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in ay keento awood fuulitaan xumo iyo dhimashada oo korodhay Drosophila melanogaster. Calaamadaha naxaasta xad-dhaafka ah ee dhirta waxaa ka mid ah koritaanka xididdada iyo caleemaha oo xumaada, chlorosis, midabada sawir-samaynta oo waxyeeloobay iyo mararka qaarkood dhimasho.
Wasakhda ciidda leh naxaasta waxay dhaawacday pigments-ka photosynthetic waxayna faragelisay koritaanka iyo gaaska beddelka ee saddexda khudaar (Brassica alboglabra, Brassica chinensis iyo chrysanthemum coronarium). Nanoparticles oxide Copper ayaa sidoo kale lagu helay inay farageliyaan heerka biqilka, iyo koritaanka xididada iyo caleemaha shaciirka guga (Barley sativum distichum). Iska caabinta bakteeriyada ku salaysan naxaasta ayaa sidoo kale caqabad ku ah xakamaynta phytopathogens. Iska caabin naxaas ah ayaa lagu arkay dhowr phytopathogens oo ay ku jiraan Pseudomonas iyo Xanthomonas spp.
Hal daraasad ayaa sheegtay in 80% 35 Pseudomonas syringae pv wajigaolicola Noocyo ka go'doonsan beeraha digirta ayaa muujiyay caabbinta naxaasta. Tani waa walaac aad u weyn iyadoo la tixgelinayo in codsiga naxaasta uu yahay habka ugu horreeya ee hadda jira ee lagu xakameynayo phytopathogens. Dhowr waddan ayaa mamnuucay ama xaddiday isticmaalka isku dhafka ilaalinta dhirta ee ku salaysan naxaasta. Natiijo ahaan, xeeladaha xakamaynta cusub ayaa la tixgeliyey oo la darsay. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah isticmaalka bakteeriyafajiyada sida walxaha xakamaynta noolaha ee suurtogalka ah.
Bacteriophages (phages) waa fayras awood u leh inay ku faafiyaan unugyada bakteeriyada dhexdooda. Xiisaha fagesyada sida wakiilada biocontrol waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadooda aan sunta ahayn ee unugyada eukaryotic, is-ku-noqoshada, gaarka ah ee martida loo yahay, awoodda ay uga gudbaan iska caabbinta iyo sahlanaanta wax soo saarka. Fage cocktails ayaa si gaar ah u soo bandhigaya ikhtiyaar macquul ah oo loogu talagalay ballaarinta tirada martida phage, xaddidaysa soo bixitaanka iska caabinta bakteeriyada iyada oo la ilaalinayo dhaqdhaqaaqa lytic ee phages. Sidaa darteed waxaa muhiim ah in naqshadeynta loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo phage cocktail waa in ay keento cocktail ugu waxtarka badan ee ka soo horjeeda pathogene. Waxa kale oo muhiim ah in arrimo gaar ah la tixgeliyo inta lagu jiro samaynta iyo codsiga phage cocktail: xasiloonidooda, wakhtiga wax soo saarka iyo kharashka cocktails adag, saameynta suurtagalka ah ee bakteeriyada aan la beegsan, wakhtiga codsiga phage, iyo ku adkaysiga geedka deegaanka. Kormeer joogto ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo hubiyo in waxtarka is biirsaday uu sii jiro sababtoo ah dabeecadda firfircoon ee phages. Inkastoo phage cocktails loo tixgeliyo inay tahay istaraatijiyad biocontrol oo macquul ah ee phytobacteria, cilmi baaris dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo si loo fahmo isdhexgalka kakan ee u dhexeeya phages iyo bakteeriyada deegaanka dhirta, iyo in laga gudbo caqabadaha farsamada.
Tixraac: Kering, KK, Kibii, BJ iyo Wei, H. (2019), Biocontrol of phytobacteria with bacteriophage cocktails. Cayayaanka Manaag. Saynis, 75: 1775-1781. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5324
